Extinct Animals That Might Return: Kya Vilupt Jeev Wapas Aayenge?
Science ne hamesha se asambhav ko sambhav banaya hai. Ek waqt tha jab hum sochte the ki jo jeev dharti se khatam ho gaye, wo hamesha ke liye gaye. Lekin aaj Genetic Engineering aur De-extinction technology ne ye sawal khada kar diya hai: “Kya hum vilupt ho chuke janwaro ko wapas la sakte hain?”
Is article mein hum vistar se janenge un janwaro ke bare mein jo Science aur Nature ki madad se shayad bahut jald hamare beech wapas dikhayi denge.
De-extinction Kya Hai? (The Science Behind It)
De-extinction ya ‘Resurrection Biology’ wo process hai jiske zariye scientists vilupt ho chuki species ko DNA manipulation aur cloning ke zariye wapas lane ki koshish karte hain. Isme mukhya roop se do taknikon ka istemal hota hai:
- Cloning: Isme vilupt jeev ke bache huye DNA ko ek closely related species ke egg mein insert kiya jata hai.
- Genome Editing (CRISPR): Isme modern janwaro ke DNA ko edit kiya jata hai taaki wo apne purvajon (ancestors) jaise dikhein aur behave karein.
1. Woolly Mammoth: Ice Age ka Raja
Mammoth shayad sabse pehla janwar hoga jo wapas aayega. “Colossal Biosciences” naam ki biotechnology company is par tezi se kaam kar rahi hai.
- Kaise Wapas Aayenge? Scientists Arctic ki baraf (permafrost) mein dabe Mammoth ke DNA ko Asian Elephant ke genome ke sath mix kar rahe hain.
- Kyun Zaroori Hai? Mammoth ke wapas aane se Arctic grasslands ka ecosystem phir se sudhar sakta hai, jo climate change ko rokne mein madad karega.
2. Thylacine (Tasmanian Tiger)
Tasmanian Tiger ek aisa anokha shikari tha jo kutte jaisa dikhta tha lekin uske shareer par tiger jaisi dhaariyan (stripes) thi. Ye 1936 mein insaani galtiyon ki wajah se vilupt ho gaya tha.
- Current Status: Scientists ne iske purane specimens se high-quality DNA nikal liya hai.
- Probability: Iske wapas aane ke chances bahut zyada hain kyunki Australia mein iska natural habitat abhi bhi maujood hai.
3. Dodo Bird: Mauritius ki Shaan
Dodo sabse famous extinct bird hai jo ud nahi sakti thi. Insaan aur unke laye gaye paltu janwaro ki wajah se ye 17th century mein puri tarah khatam ho gayi.
- Science Update: 2023-24 mein scientists ne Dodo ka poora genome sequence kar liya hai. Ab ise ek surrogate bird (jaise pigeon) ke zariye wapas lane ki planning hai.
4. Passenger Pigeon
Ek waqt tha jab North America ke aasman mein karoron Passenger Pigeons udte the, lekin over-hunting ne inhein 1914 tak khatam kar diya. “Revive & Restore” project is par focus kar raha hai taaki forest ecosystem ko balance kiya ja sake.
5. Pyrenean Ibex (Bucardo)
Ye ek matra aisa janwar hai jo ek baar wapas aa chuka hai. 2003 mein scientists ne iska ek clone paida kiya tha, lekin wo lung failure ki wajah se sirf 7 minute tak zinda raha. Is experiment ne sabit kiya ki De-extinction ek din haqiqat ban sakta hai.
Kya Ye Sahi Hai? (Ethics and Risks)
De-extinction jitna exciting lagta hai, utne hi iske kuch ethical sawal bhi hain:
- Ecosystem Imbalance: Kya aaj ki badli hui duniya in purane janwaro ko handle kar payegi?
- Animal Welfare: Kya clone kiye gaye janwaro ki sehat aur unki life normal hogi?
- Conservation vs Resurrection: Kai experts ka manna hai ki humein vilupt ho chuke janwaro ke bajaye unhein bachane par paisa kharch karna chahiye jo abhi khatre (Endangered) mein hain.
Conclusion: Ek Nayi Shuruat
Extinct animals that might return ab sirf movies ka hissa nahi raha. Agle 10 se 20 saalon mein hum shayad apni aankhon se un jeevo ko dekhenge jinhe humne sirf kitabon mein padha hai. Lekin humein ye yaad rakhna hoga ki Nature ka balance banaye rakhna sabse badi chunouti hai.
De-extinction: Frequently Asked Questions
Haan, **Genetic Engineering** aur **Cloning** ki madad se scientists Woolly Mammoth aur Dodo jaise jeevo ko wapas lane ke bahut kareeb hain.
Colossal Biosciences naam ki company ka claim hai ki wo **2027-2028** tak pehla Mammoth-Elephant hybrid paida kar sakte hain.
Filhaal ye namumkin hai, kyunki Dinosaurs ka DNA karoron saal purana hai aur itna purana **DNA intact** nahi mil sakta.
Isme mukhya roop se **CRISPR-Cas9** (Gene Editing) aur **Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer** (Cloning) ka istemal kiya jata hai.
**Pyrenean Ibex (Bucardo)** wo pehla janwar tha jo clone ke zariye wapas laya gaya, halanki wo sirf 7 minute zinda raha.
Scientists ne Dodo ka poora genome sequence kar liya hai, isliye ise wapas lane ki umeed ab bahut badh gayi hai.
Khatra ye hai ki ye aaj ke modern **ecosystem** ko disturb kar sakte hain ya nayi bimariyan phaila sakte hain.
Ye Australia ke **Tasmania** island se 1936 mein vilupt hua tha. Ab ise wapas lane par Australia mein kaam chal raha hai.
Technically shayad mumkin ho, lekin ye puri duniya mein **Ethically aur Legally** ban hai aur is par kaam karna galat maana jata hai.
Iska mukhya maqsad dharti ki **Biodiversity** ko wapas lana aur climate change se ladne mein madad lena hai.
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